Build the record before choosing the escalation
Separate what happened, what the contract or law requires, what the evidence proves and which body can grant the outcome you want.
Evidence to organise
contract, order or applicable terms
payment and account records
complete written correspondence
dated timeline and delivery proof
photos, reports or technical records
calculation of the requested remedy
Four-stage action route
Preserve the complete record
Preserve the original record and create a dated evidence index.
Send a precise written demand
Send a precise written demand stating the facts, evidence and requested remedy.
Use the correct external route
Use the official regulator, ombudsman or ADR route that covers this dispute.
Prepare the filing record
Check the current form, limit, fee, service method and deadline before filing.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Missing the deadline in the contract or official procedure
- Relying on calls without written follow-up
- Claiming an amount without showing the calculation
- Using the wrong company entity, regulator, court or tribunal
Official starting points
These official pages are starting points, not a substitute for the current local form or deadline. Open them again before submitting.
Your Europe — consumer dispute resolutioneuropa.euEuropean Consumer Centres Networkcommission.europa.euEuropean e-Justice Portale-justice.europa.euFrequently asked questions
What evidence should I collect?+
Collect the agreement, payment record, correspondence, timeline and evidence supporting the requested remedy.
Should I contact the business first?+
Usually yes. A focused written complaint creates a clear record, unless an urgent rule requires immediate action.
Can I complain to a regulator or ombudsman?+
Possibly. Confirm that the body covers the company, sector and location before sending personal data.
Can I use small claims or a local equivalent?+
A court, tribunal or simplified procedure may be available. Confirm limits, forms, fees and pre-action requirements on the official portal.